cbmg news


margaret scull awarded with $2.7 million nih greant to study virus-mucus interactions

May 5, 2021


The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the NIH recently awarded CBMG Assistant Professor Dr. Margaret Scull a 5-year, $2.7 million grant to support her team’s efforts in researching the role of airway mucins during influenza virus infection.

 

As a respiratory virus, influenza targets specific cells in the human airway­–termed epithelial cells–for infection. Standing between the virus and these cells, however, is the mucosal barrier that acts to trap and remove viruses, bacteria, and other particulate matter we inhale. This barrier has two parts – a secreted mucus gel and underlying layer mucins, a family of extremely large molecules that are coated in glycans, or sugars, are a major component of both parts. However, studying mucins in their native setting is not simple. “Most cell culture systems fail to replicate this barrier, so our basic understanding of how specific mucins contribute to airway biology and provide defense against invading pathogens is incomplete,” Scull says. 

 

Scull’s team has been using an in vitro model of human airway epithelium that ‘looks’ and ‘acts’ very much like the epithelium in our lungs. Scull is particularly interested in MUC1, a unique mucin protein that is tethered to the surface of epithelial cells and can act as both a physical barrier and signaling molecule. “We’re learning that some of these mucins, MUC1 included, are more dynamic than we originally envisioned,” Scull says. “They are more than just a simple, static shield.” 

 

With this new award, Scull will define how MUC1 expression, specifically on epithelial cells and cells that contribute to the immune response, such as macrophages, impacts the course of influenza virus infection. Her laboratory will detail the molecular interactions of MUC1 with both influenza virus and cellular factors, aiming to shed new light on the influence of this particular mucin in virus infection and host defense.

 

As influenza virus tends to bind to the same kind of sugar molecules that are attached to the surface MUC1, it is likely that the virus interacts directly with this molecule during infection. Yet the consequence of this interaction for both virus and mucin is not clear, and hints that MUC1’s influence on infection may be specific to the strain of virus involved.

 

To tackle these questions, Scull proposes to utilize new mouse models and modified human airway epithelial cultures. Her lab recently established methods to apply CRISPR technology in these cultures, making the cell-virus interaction more genetically tractable, and expanding their ability to pinpoint the role of specific cell factors during infection. “It’s been exciting to see developments in this field over the past decade that have made the human airway epithelial culture system less expensive and more flexible. The technology enables us to grow, manipulate, and assay these cells in new ways, so that we can ask questions in this system that were not possible before,” Scull notes. 

 

This work stands to support further development of mucin mimics, or small molecules that can impact mucin signaling activity and help clear influenza virus from the lung.


todd cooke honored with 2020 kirwan undergraduate education award

August 13, 2020


In his 42 years at the University of Maryland, Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics Professor Todd Cooke has always had a passion for teaching. And he made it a personal mission to create opportunities for students to succeed.

 

“For me, teaching is a commitment to engage in the exhilarating experience of learning from each other to make the world a better place,” Cooke explained. “I talk to students about what their aspirations are and what their motivations are—and I can translate those feelings into academic experiences.”

 

Of all his academic contributions, there’s one he’s most proud of. Cooke founded and then directed the Integrated Life Sciences (ILS) program in the Honors College since 2011. This unique program for first- and second-year students combines an accelerated biological sciences curriculum with research and community service—all in a living-learning environment that promotes collaboration and community. Over 650 students have participated in the program since it began. With Cooke as the program’s inaugural director, ILS built an extraordinary track record of achievement, one student at a time.

 

“ILS students win a disproportionate number of national and international scholarships, including Rhodes and comparable awards, they get accepted to med and grad schools at percentages often over 90%, so they’re very successful academically,” Cooke explained. “But the real success of the program to me is measured in the quality that ILS students have become as people, that they’re going to work to make this a more just, equitable and healthier world.” 

 

Well-liked by his students, Cooke earned the nickname of “grandfather” of the ILS program. For many, like 2017 Marshall Scholar Aaron Solomon (B.S. ’17, biological sciences), Cooke has been a source of support and inspiration.

 

“Dr. Cooke has been a tireless champion for his students, both in their professional lives and their personal development,” Solomon said. “He has believed in us in times we did not believe in ourselves, encouraged us to pursue our passions, and provided advice and undivided attention.”

 

In June, as Cooke stepped down as ILS director, he was selected to receive the university’s 2020 Kirwan Undergraduate Education Award, which honors a faculty member who has made exceptional contributions to the quality of undergraduate education at UMD.

 

“It’s a big-time surprise. It’s an incredible capstone to my professional career, and I’m so grateful. But I really want to make it clear that such teaching awards are not given to faculty members working in isolation,” Cooke observed. “Instead this Kirwan Award is also recognizing the deep commitments that my department and college have made to high-quality undergraduate education for the last 40 years. These commitments have greatly contributed to the success of my teaching efforts.” 

 

For Cooke, it was a long road to get here. Growing up in a small rural community in western New York, just getting a college education was no small feat.

 

“I’m just a small-town kid who got lucky,” Cooke explained. “Very few of my high school classmates went to college. Some of those came home for the first day of deer hunting season and never went back to school. That I was lucky enough to go to college and then graduate school was not expected from my background.”

 

And becoming a scientist? Definitely not part of the plan. Cooke started as a sociology and economics major, switched to history and literature, and finally settled on philosophy, until a single conversation changed everything.

 

“At the end of my junior year, my philosophy professor came to me and said 14 words that changed my life: ‘Todd, you are a nice boy but you’re no philosopher. Please try something else,’” Cooke recalled, laughing. “So, all I had left was science.”

 

Senior-year science courses led Cooke to a National Science Foundation graduate fellowship and eventually a Ph.D. from Cornell. At UMD, he was hired for his research in plant development and evolution and has taught more than 15 different courses over the years. Collaborating with his colleagues, Cooke was instrumental in modernizing the botany/plant biology curriculum and his innovations brought a new, multidisciplinary perspectives to life sciences education.

 

His style as a professor is hands-on and interactive, holding office hours in the Diner and looking for ways to keep students engaged.

“The idea is that I can learn from the students and it’s an absolutely exhilarating experience that’s hardwired in my teaching,” Cooke said.

So is spontaneity.

 

“The moment I prize the most is when I was in a class presenting an active-engagement activity about how diffusion works in biology and a student raised his hand and said, ‘Dr. Cooke, you could do better.’ And I thought for a moment and said, ‘OK, let’s do it your way’ and we stopped the class and we did it his way,” Cooke said. “Guess what. It was better. It was much better.”

A key focus for Cooke has always been to improve the overall learning experience. For one group of high-achieving students that became especially important. 

 

“A significant number of honors students in the life sciences were coming in as freshmen having tested out of their freshman-level science and math classes, and instead of engaging them at the level they were coming in at, they were told to take general education classes,” Cooke explained. “So, there was clearly a demand for a program that would meet the students where they were.”

 

Gradually, ILS—a program designed to challenge these students with courses appropriate for their background—went from idea to reality.

 

“I got a call from Bob Infantino, the college’s associate dean for undergraduate education, and I think it was December of 2010,” Cooke recalled. “He said, ‘Did you see The Diamondback? The provost approved the ILS program. He didn’t appoint a director and I’ve already got a job, so you’re probably going to direct it.’ We started recruiting the first class of students in the next month, and they started in fall of 2011.”

 

Now, after nearly a decade, Cooke is ready for new challenges, looking forward to having more time for research, family and yes, even ILS.

“I am thrilled about the opportunities ahead,” Cooke said. “I don’t see this as retirement because I am going to do research on some weird plants who are apparently disobeying the basic rules thought to govern plant development and evolution, and I am still going to be involved in the ILS program.” 

 

Cooke’s next goal for ILS is to create an alumni network, where current and former students can share their experiences, dreams and continuing commitments to giving back to their communities, honoring the values Cooke instilled with participants from the day ILS began. As a teacher, he couldn’t ask for more.

 

“As teachers we’re in the business of sharing the knowledge and wisdom of our discipline, whatever our discipline is. But it’s really hard to measure what impact that has,” Cooke said. “I think what ILS does is that it enhances the abilities of its students to live meaningful and impactful lives, which I find deeply rewarding.”


najib el-sayed of cbmg named the director of umd's intergrated life sciences program

June 30, 2020


Integrated Life Sciences is a living-learning program focused on biological sciences and offers an accelerated curriculum for talented STEM students. The program includes a significant research requirement, a student-driven service-learning experience, and an emphasis on student wellness.

 

Professor Najib M. El-Sayed has been appointed as Director of the Integrated Life Sciences program. Dr. El-Sayed is a Professor of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, with a joint appointment in the Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies. His research focuses on the study of the biology of parasitism and host-pathogen interactions using genomic and bioinformatics approaches with the goal of understanding infection and survival mechanisms. He is the author of more than 80 research articles and book chapters and was designated as a highly cited investigator in microbiology by Thomson Reuters. Dr. El-Sayed was the founding director the Computational Biology, Bioinformatics and Genomics graduate concentration area of studies and the founding director of the Next-Generation Sequencing facility at UMD.

 

Professor El-Sayed's areas of teaching include genomics, bioinformatics, and host-pathogen interactions. He has mentored numerous post-doctoral fellows, graduate, and undergraduate students, and was named Philip Merrill Presidential Scholar Mentor in 2011.

 

Professor El-Sayed holds a Ph.D. from Yale University in molecular parasitology, a M.S.P.H. in parasitology and tropical medicine from Tulane University, and a B.S. in biology and environmental health sciences from the American University of Beirut.

 

Dr. El-Sayed succeeds Dr. Todd Cooke who founded this extremely successful program. We are all very proud of the legacy that Dr. Cooke has left us, and we are sure that Najib will take it even further.

 

Read more here.